Welders take pride in their work after all, their welds are visible for all to see. To avoid injury, welders must also take pride in their safety and make sure safety is also visible for all to see. Every day, welders are confronted with many hazards that can cause serious injury and property damage. Hot metal, intense light, noxious fumes, and heavy equipment are only a few potential dangers these employees can encounter. It is imperative that workers who weld be able to recognize all the hazards of their jobs and know-how to control or eliminate them.
- How to prevent fires when conducting welding operations.
- What personal protective equipment and protective clothing should be worn by welders.
- How ventilation is used to help welders avoid breathing in unhealthy fumes and gases.
- What types of respirators are used for welding applications.
- How to protect co-workers from injury while welding.
Preventing fires during hot work operations
Many facilities have a permanent location known as a
designated hot work area where welding can be safely conducted without any special precautions; however, many maintenances
and other welding jobs must be performed on
objects that must be left in
place outside the designated area.
If this is the case, a hot work permit will be required. The permit will outline the special
precautions that must be taken to ensure the operation is conducted
safely.
The person issuing
the permit must verify
the conditions listed
on it have been achieved
before allowing work to begin.
Some of the precautions that must be taken prior to a hot
work operation include sweeping up ignitable debris within a 35-foot radius of the worksite, wetting
down the floor or covering it in sand or with fire-resistant blankets if the
floor is made of ignitable material,
removing all materials within a 35 foot-radius that could ignite and shielding
or covering ignitable items that cannot be moved with approved welding
curtains, pads or blankets.
Fully charged and operable
fire extinguishers rated
for the class of any potential fire must also be readily
available.
If anything more than a minor fire could develop or there is an abundance of combustible material in the 35-foot zone, a fire watch is required. This person is responsible for making sure the work area is maintained in a fire-safe condition throughout and after the operation and may stop the hot work if unsafe conditions are observed.
The fire watch
should remain for 30 minutes
after the hot work is completed.
Hot Work Controls and its Permit to work Form
Personal protective equipment & clothing
Clothing
Another category
of precautions that must be taken before
welding is donning
your personal protective equipment and appropriate clothing.
This is perhaps the most important measure you must take prior to beginning work because your personal protective equipment and clothing are your last line of defense against injury. Welding produces sparks and slag while also emitting harmful light and rays that can severely damage the eyes and skin.
Shorts, short-sleeve shirts, or shirts with open collars should not be worn while welding. Also, clothing made of synthetic fabrics should never be worn while welding as it can catch fire easily and melt into your skin as it burns.
Fire-resistant or fr clothing is recommended for welding with all cuffs and pockets buttoned to prevent them from catching sparks. At a bare minimum, welders should wear 100 percent cotton shirts and denim jeans that can be protected with fire-resistant welding jackets, aprons, and leggings.
Alsor Read: What You Need to Know About Welding Apparel
High-top leather safety boots offer the best foot protection while welding. Pants should be pulled over the top of the Boot.
Low-cut, athletic or casual shoes should not be worn as
they can easily catch sparks and their components can melt into your
skin.
For welders who have to place their bodies in positions
where the tops of their boot may catch sparks, spatter guards, commonly
called spats, may be worn to protect
the instep and the ankle.
Gloves
There are many types of welding gloves available. Modern welding gloves provide better
dexterity while offering similar protection as compared to traditional heavy leather welding gloves.
Be sure to choose a glove that is suitable for your type of welding, fits comfortably, and allows ample movement of your hands and fingers.
Keep in mind that extremely hot materials will burn through welding gloves no matter which ones you choose. These items should be handled with specially designed holders or clamps.
Download: Welding, Cutting, and Brazing Checklist
Head &
eye protection
Protecting your head and eyes is of utmost
importance while welding.
First, always wear safety glasses with side shields, even under your welding helmet. Safety glasses that protect against infrared radiation or “IR glasses” are recommended because they will help shield your eyes from the radiant light from other welding operations when your welding hood is up. IR glasses come in a variety of shades.
Keep in mind that many eye injuries occur when welders with soiled gloves or hands wipe the sweat from their brow or face. This can allow metal particles, dirt, and other debris from the welding process to enter the eye, causing irritation or damage.
Resist the urge to wipe your brow until you remove your
gloves and clean your hands. Consider
keeping a clean towel or wipes handy for this purpose.
Before welding, long hair should
be secured and jewelry should be removed.
Putting on a welding bandana
or cap under your helmet can help protect the top of your head from sparks.
This is especially important when welding
overhead.
Exposed skin is subject to being burned by UV radiation from your welding or the welding of others.
These burns can be prevented by applying sunscreen to
these areas. Applying a coat of 30
spf twice a day is recommended.
Keep in mind that your welding
helmet must be worn anytime
your eyes are exposed to a welding
arc to prevent arc eye, also known
as a flash burn. Repeatedly
staring at an ultraviolet light with unshielded eyes has a cumulative effect.
Do not look directly at a welding arc, even from across
the room.
Sufferers of flash burn have described the feeling as
like having sand in the eyes or your eyeballs being sunburnt. Rubbing
them makes it worse.
If the exposures are not stopped,
permanent damage to your eyes can occur.
If you use a standard fixed shade helmet, choose one that has a lens shade appropriate for your welding application. This information can be found in table 1 of the ANSI standard z49.1, safety in welding, cutting & allied processes.
A good rule of thumb is to select the darkest shade that still allows you to view the work clearly while welding.
( Read more: how-to-choose-the-right-safety-gloves-12-types-of-hand-protection-gloves/)
Many workers are now choosing to use auto-darkening helmets, which must meet or exceed the ANSI/ISEA standard for eye and face protection, z.87.1. When an arc triggers the sensors on one of these hoods, the lens darkens in a fraction of a second.
Most models have adjustable sensitivity and delays for adjusting responsiveness. It’s a good practice to turn on your shield and hold it up to the light before each use to make sure it is working properly. Batteries should be changed periodically.
Improper adjustment of auto-darkening lenses may lead to unintended exposure to an arc. Make sure you read, understand, and follow all of the manufacturer’s instructions for your welding helmet and auto-darkening lens.
Good housekeeping
Another critical safe work practice for welders is good housekeeping. Good housekeeping not only helps prevent injury but also makes the work easier and more efficient.
Remove rags, paper, and other possible fuels for fires from the immediate area.
Make sure you only have the number of cables and hoses
you need in the work area and arrange them so that they aren’t a tripping
hazard. Neatly wind up excess hose to prevent kinks and tangles.
Clear excess
materials and debris from the work area
as soon as possible.
Many facilities with fixed welding
operations run their
cables and hoses
overhead to avoid
creating tripping hazards.
Before welding, think ahead about how the flow of work will proceed and organize materials, tools, and equipment in locations that won’t hinder the operation or create hazards.
Keep in mind that part of good housekeeping is returning supplies and equipment to their proper storage area when the job is complete.
(Learn how to use workplace-housekeeping-checklist/)
Ventilation
In addition to fire prevention, proper personal protection, and housekeeping, there is another concern that welders must address before they begin their work and that is ventilation. You must make sure you have adequate ventilation for every welding task.
Ventilation refers to the altering
of the air in the room when necessary to prevent welders from breathing unhealthy levels
of airborne contaminants in the form of
fumes and gases.
Adequate ventilation depends on several factors, including the volume and configuration of the welding space, number, and types of processes that are generating contaminants, natural airflow in the area, and location of workers breathing zones in relation to the contaminants and their sources.
Air sampling of a given
work area is necessary
to verify the concentration levels
of toxic fumes
and gases.
Proper ventilation is generally
achieved either through
natural ventilation or mechanical ventilation.
Natural ventilation is sufficient if the work area meets all of these requirements: a space of more than 10,000 square feet is provided per welder, a ceiling height of more than 16 feet, the welding is not being performed in a confined space, and space does not contain structures that obstruct cross ventilation.
Should any of these requirements not be met, mechanical ventilation must be used.
When air sampling indicates that levels of air contaminants cannot be lowered through ventilation below the exposure limits set by OSHA and other safety authorities, your organization must establish and maintain a respiratory protection program.
( Read more: welding-gases-fumes-exposure/)
Respirator use
There are three primary types of respirators that are used for welding applications: the half-mask respirator, the powered air-purifying respirator or PAPR, and the supplied-air respirator or SAR.
Half-mask respirators fit underneath a welding hood
without obstructing the welder’s field of vision. Units with an assigned protection factor of 10 with
oil-proof particulate filters and a 100 percent filter efficiency are
recommended for welders.
Powered air-purifying respirators, commonly called PAPRS, use a blower to force ambient air through an air-purifying element and a hose to the user’s helmet. Offering assigned protection of 25, these provide better protection than half-mask respirators.
Some systems integrate flip-up welding lenses
to reveal grinding
shields that allow
users to perform
both welding and grinding tasks without removing their helmet and
head seal.
Supplied-air respirators connect to a belt-mounted unit from the welder’s helmet which is then connected to an air- purification system with an air hose. These units also offer an assigned protection factor of 25 and allow the welder to regulate the airflow while also heating or cooling the air entering his or her helmet. ( Read more: breath-safely-the-proper-use-of-respiratory-protection/)
Working in close proximity to others
While welders face many hazards that can cause severe
injuries, their co-workers are often the victims of these hazards. One of your biggest responsibilities
as a professional welder is to take the appropriate precautions and practice the safe
work practices that will keep
your co-workers safe.
If you need to weld in close proximity of others, warn
them to keep their distance by placing cones or barricades around
the area.
Welding screens and curtains should be used to shield
co-workers who must work close by from harmful light and sparks. Remind
people who are working in or just passing through the area not to look at the arc.
Before cutting and grinding, look around and make sure no one is in the area where your sparks will fly.
Welders in welding shops often work in close quarters or
in tandem with a partner. Often,
there is little room for error and care must
be taken to prevent one or the other from suffering an injury.
When working in tight quarters, work and move a little slower than normal. Allow an extra moment to look before making a sudden movement, extending the welder, or pulling a hose.
When an abnormal condition develops, be sure to alert
nearby co-workers, especially if it means you will have to deviate
from the normal routine.
Always maintain awareness and control of the welding
handle and trigger. After welding,
place the welding handle in a place it won’t be contacted by others.
Inadvertent contact by you or a coworker with the hot
wire after a weld can cause serious injury. Known
as a “wire poke,” the hot, sharp wire
can easily penetrate a glove or sleeve and enter the skin. The dirt and
contaminants on the wire can cause a
serious infection if proper first aid is
not received.
You should never approach a co-worker from behind during
a weld. This is the cause of many
injuries, as the welder often loses his concentration and makes a movement that results in you or him suffering
a severe burn.
General welding
safety tips
- Before using the welding machine, make sure it is properly grounded and in good working order.
- Also, inspect the handle or holder for cracks or other defects. Check for damaged insulation or bare conductors on all-electric cables. Should you find any defective cables, replace them.
- Keep any exposed metal parts of the welder, handle, holder or electrode away from wet hands, gloves and clothing. Never change electrodes with bare hands or while wearing wet gloves.
- The compressed gas cylinders used with welding and cutting operations also present hazards. Always follow your organization’s policies for transporting, securing, and storing fuel cylinders. For example, cylinders should have safety caps in place and be securely chained during transport.
- The most common injury suffered by welders is burning. Take time to think through the weld you intend to perform, including your body position and where the slag will fall, and then don the appropriate protective clothes and coverings to protect yourself.
- Another common welding injury occurs when heavy materials fall and strike a person while welding or cutting. Always secure materials prior to welding or cutting and make sure you understand which way material will fall after it is cut.
- Like all workers, welders are susceptible to injury from trips and falls. Prior to welding, plan your movements and remove any tripping hazards which may be in your intended path.
Conclusion
As a welder, you take great pride in your ability to
perform each weld with quality and efficiency. After all, the results of your
hard work are there for everyone to
see.
Take the same amount of pride in your commitment to safety, which is also on display for all to see. After all, your family and co-workers are counting on you to make sure everyone makes it home safe and sound at the end of the day.
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